Melasma

Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark, discolored patches, typically on the face, and is often triggered by sun exposure, hormonal changes, and genetic predisposition. It is more prevalent in women, particularly during pregnancy or with the use of hormonal contraceptives, due to increased melanin production stimulated by estrogen and progesterone. Common treatments include topical agents such as hydroquinone, tretinoin, and azelaic acid to lighten pigmentation, along with chemical peels and laser therapy for more stubborn cases. Sun protection is essential, as UV exposure can worsen melasma, making daily use of broad-spectrum sunscreen a crucial part of any treatment plan.